There are several way to prevent algae overgrown in tank
- avoid direct sunlight
- light period less than 10-12 hours/day
- lower nutrient level by doing partial WC regularly
- use RO/DI water
- keep algae eater in the tank
- change light bulb before expired date
So let begin with brown algae or diatom, this normally appear on newly setup tank. The cause are mainly from silica. Since silica is higher than other element like phosphate, brown algae will out compete green algae.
Normally this will not last long, it will disappear after silica is lower than phosphate or not detected. This type of algae is not dangerous just a bit unpleasant to watch.
Green Algae
After sometime green algae will grow, this is because of phosphate exist in the water. Some of snail/fish will take care of this. Or just use glass cleaner to take it off.
Cyanobacteria
This is actually a group of photosynthesis bacteria. It may occur in any condition, either low nitrate or high nutrient tank. This type of algae should be remove quickly by siphon it out. So far i dun think got any fish/snail which are going to eat this :D
As far as my tank is concern, i'm going to change my T5 light bulb. Hope its was the other causes which contribute to brown algae growth.